Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection of the scalp, primarily affecting children, and caused by fungi like Trichophyton and Microsporum. Its pathogenesis is influenced by both host-specific and environmental factors, resulting in various clinical presentations including hair loss and scaling of the scalp. We present the case of an eight-year-old male with tinea capitis, characterized by itching and hair loss in the occipital area. Examination revealed characteristic findings on trichoscopy, and direct examination of hair confirmed parasitization. Treatment with terbinafine was initiated, leading to the resolution of symptoms. Epidemiological variations in the etiology of tinea capitis exist globally, with Trichophyton predominating in some regions and Microsporum in others. Trichoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for differentiating fungal infections, guiding treatment decisions. Despite the efficiency of direct skin and hair examination, the common occurrence of tinea and the lack of mycological centers in many clinics pose challenges. To address this, we propose integrating trichoscopy and epidemiological and clinical data for a quick in-office decision tool.
Dermatophytes, fungi specialized in keratin degradation, are key agents in skin infections, commonly referred to as tineas. Tinea manuum, affecting the hands, typically presents in noninflammatory or inflammatory forms, with ulcerative manifestations rarely reported. Nannizzia gypsea, a relatively uncommon cause of tineas, exhibits variable prevalence influenced by geographic factors. This study investigates a case of Ulcerative Unilateral Tinea Manuum caused by N. gypsea, aiming to explore the differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management. A 23-year-old female from the Yucatan Peninsula presented with an ulcerated lesion on her left hand. Initially suspected as Leishmaniasis, subsequent examination revealed tinea manuum. The study discusses differential diagnoses, highlighting the rarity of ulcerative presentations in dermatophytosis, and explores potential pathogenic mechanisms. This case underscores the importance of considering dermatophytes in ulcerative skin lesions and suggests a comprehensive diagnostic approach, particularly in endemic regions.
This case report describes a rare occurrence of tinea capitis kerion type caused by Nannizzia gypsea in three siblings. The clinical presentation included pseudo-alopecic plaques with a dirty appearance, erythema, and honey-like crusts. A direct examination revealed ecto-endothrix parasitization in the hair shaft. Shared use of a comb among the siblings was suspected as the mode of transmission. Treatment with oral terbinafine resulted in a complete resolution. Systematic epidemiological surveys on N. gypsea tinea infections are scarce, and preliminary data from our center indicated a higher prevalence. The literature review identified five reported cases of N. gypsea-induced tinea capitis.
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous fungal infection caused by thermally dimorphic fungi from the Sporothrix genus, primarily prevalent in tropical regions of Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Mexico's Jalisco state is an endemic hotspot with a remarkable prevalence rate of 54.4%. Clinical presentation varies based on immune status and virulence. The most common form is cutaneous-lymphangitic (67%), with fixed cutaneous cases accounting for 28%. This case study explores a traditional therapeutic approach for fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis but introduces a distinct immunological perspective.
In this case report, we present a distinctive occurrence of classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in an individual of Latin origin, emerging seven days following the administration of the third dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) vaccine. The progression of KS continued over two months, culminating in the development of a tumor. Given the absence of prior reports on KS development post-COVID-19 vaccination, the primary aim of this report is to explore the potential relationship between the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, reactivation of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus, and the subsequent onset of KS.
COVID-19 is known to cause various cutaneous lesions, including acro-ischemic lesions (AIL), which are associated with poor prognosis. Anticoagulant therapy has shown positive responses in AIL patients. However, in this case study, we present a fatal AIL case despite anticoagulant therapy. We propose different treatment approaches based on the limited current data on acro-ischemia pathogenesis related to SARS-CoV-2. The clinical case involved a 59-year-old male with severe COVID-19 symptoms, including acrocyanosis and right hemiparesis. Despite receiving anticoagulant therapy, the patient's condition worsened, leading to necrosis in the left foot. The discussion focuses on the high-risk nature of AIL, the potential link between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and vasculitis or thromboembolic manifestations, and the role of immune clots in AIL pathogenesis. Behçet syndrome is referenced as a model of inflammation-induced thrombosis, guiding the suggestion for immunosuppressant-based treatment in addition to anticoagulants. Additionally, three substances, N-acetyl cysteine, sulodexide, and hydroxychloroquine, are proposed.
We present a clinical case of a 50-year-old female initially suspected of seborrheic keratosis but later diagnosed with melanoma through biopsy. This case highlights the challenges in distinguishing between these two conditions and emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis. Overdiagnosis of malignancy in seborrheic keratosis cases and the accurate identification of melanoma through dermoscopy are discussed. Further research is needed to explore potential mechanistic connections between seborrheic keratosis and melanoma.
This report focuses on sebaceous skin tumors, specifically sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma, and sebaceous carcinoma, along with their association with Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS). A clinical case of a 25-year-old male with a suspected sebaceous neoplasm based on dermoscopy appearance is presented. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis and surgical management resulted in successful treatment. The report highlights the importance of considering differential diagnoses and utilizing dermoscopy for accurate evaluation of these rare skin tumors.
This case report presents a rare occurrence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the periungual region of the thumb. BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, typically found in sun-exposed areas. The discussion explores the underlying pathogenesis mechanisms, including the role of ultraviolet exposure, the absence of pilosebaceous units, and the involvement of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway. Understanding the complexities of BCC in atypical locations is essential for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
This case report examines a rare occurrence of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) following the administration of the CoronaVac vaccine for COVID-19. The patient developed persistent urticarial lesions that appeared and disappeared over an extended period after receiving the vaccine. The diagnosis of CSU was supported by histopathological examination and the close temporal correlation between symptom onset and vaccination. The discussion focuses on the immune mechanisms involved in CSU, the potential triggers of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, and the importance of further research to identify specific allergenic components. This case underscores the need for vigilance in monitoring and reporting adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccination to ensure vaccine safety and optimize public health strategies.
We present a case report on disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection with a sporotrichoid pattern in an immunocompetent patient. The aim of this report is to contribute to the existing knowledge on the clinical presentation and management of this uncommon presentation.
The article presents a case of a 32-year-old male who developed IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN) after receiving the second dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. IgAVN can be a rare side effect of COVID-19 vaccines. Healthcare providers should be aware of this potential adverse event, and promptly recognize and manage it. However, the benefits of vaccination in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 far outweigh the risks of this rare adverse event.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32370.].
This report presents a rare case of a giant Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis (NLCS) on the vulva of a 38-year-old female. The patient underwent excisional surgery and electrodesiccation for complete lesion removal. Recurrence following CO2 laser treatment was observed. The study highlights the challenges in managing large NLCS lesions in challenging locations and emphasizes the importance of combining surgical excision and electrodesiccation for successful treatment. Further research and reported cases are needed to enhance our understanding of this rare condition and guide optimal treatment strategies.
Pilomatrixoma, or calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a benign tumor with differentiation toward the hair matrix cells and is one of childhood's most common epithelial tumors. Bullous pilomatrixoma has an extremely low incidence of occurrence, usually appears in the upper extremities, and is frequently associated with trauma. We report the case of a bullous pilomatrixoma in a patient with a rapid-growing neoformation one month after receiving a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in his left upper arm, and we discuss whether the bullous appearance is part of the biology of the tumor or a secondary anetoderma.
